Cross-reactivity and blocking potential was assessed using ELISA and flow cytometry. Methods: Here, we assessed suitability of seven FDA-approved human ICIs to target CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 in dogs. Despite successful reports of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in dogs, no compounds are available for veterinary medicine. Companion dogs suffering from neoplastic diseases have gained attention as a highly relevant translational disease model. Our data provides a rationale for testing promising treatment modalities and combination therapies involving PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in dog trials to advance veterinary and human medicine.īackground: Rodent cancer models have limitations in predicting efficacy, tolerability and accompanying biomarkers of ICIs in humans. Response to atezolizumab seems to be dependent on the composition of blood lymphocytes and tumor type. Atezolizumab is cross-reactive, blocks PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and increases cytokine production of T cells derived from healthy donors and dog cancer patients in vitro. Here, we explored the potential use of seven FDA-approved human ICIs in dogs. Despite evidence for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade eliciting anti-tumor responses, there are currently no commercially available ICIs for use in dogs. Lately, companion dogs suffering from neoplastic diseases have gained recognition for the development of cancer drugs. To increase response rates, numerous new cancer immunotherapies are under development, to be used as monotherapies or as combination with existing ICIs. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been a major advance in the management of cancers.
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